King Edward I, English Monarch
King Edward I, of England, began his conquest of Wales during the year 1276 and 1277 defeating the then Prince of Wales Llewelyn ap Gruffydd. Llewelyn survived the initial conflict but his territories were greatly reduced as part of the treaty with the English. Llewelyn was forced to pay homage to King Edward I which did not sit well with Llewelyn's brother Dafydd ap Gruffydd who began a rebellion in the year 1282. King Edward I quickly crushed the uprising and brutally tortured and executed Dafydd in the following year. As a result of this uprising and continuing unrest in North Wales King Edward I began his constuction of his 'iron ring' of castles around Snowdonia to safeguard English interests in North Wales.
King Edward I constructed a number of castles as part of his conquest including Conwy Castle, Rhuddlan Castle, Beaumaris Castle, Caernarfon Castle, and Flint Castle.
In the year 1284 Wales was formally incorporated into England under the Statute of Rhuddlan. In 1301 King Edward I gave his eldest son, also called Edward, the title Prince of Wales which began the tradition still in existance today that the eldest son of the British Monarch would inherit the title Prince of Wales.
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